Islamic Car Financing: Ijarah Ki Mukammal Rehnumai


Gaari aaj aasaish nahin, zaroorat ban chuki hai. Magar barhti qeematon ke is daur mein aksar log isay yakmusht nahin khareed sakte. Riwayati bank is ka hal “auto loan” ki soorat mein deta hai, yani sood par qarz. Islami bank isi zaroorat ko “ijarah” ke zariye poora karta hai. Dono mein har maah qist jati hai, isi liye bohat se log kehte hain: “Naam ka farq hai, kaam ek hi hai.”


Yeh rehnumai isi ghalat fehmi ko door karne ke liye hai. Is mein hum dekhenge ke ijarah kya hai, Islamic car financing qadam ba qadam kaise hoti hai, milkiyat aur khatra kis ke paas hota hai, aur kin jagahon par yeh muamla soodi auto loan se bunyadi taur par alag ho jata hai.


Ijarah Ki Taareef


Ijarah ka matlab hai kiraya dari: kisi cheez ka faida, yani usay istemal karne ka haq, ek muqarrara muddat ke liye, muqarrara kiraye ke badle doosre ko de dena, jabke cheez ki milkiyat maalik hi ke paas rahe.

Is muamle ke fareeq yeh hain:




  • Mu’jir (Lessor): Woh maalik jo cheez kiraye par deta hai; Islamic car financing mein yeh bank hai.
  • Musta’jir (Lessee): Woh shakhs jo cheez kiraye par leta hai; yani aap.
  • Ujrat (Rent): Woh kiraya jo faide ke badle ada kiya jata hai.


Ijarah Ki Shar’i Bunyad


Ijarah ka jawaz Quran, Sunnat aur ijma se saabit hai. Quran-e-Majeed mein Hazrat Shuaib alaihis salam ki beti ka qaul naqal hua: "يَا أَبَتِ اسْتَأْجِرْهُ ۖ إِنَّ خَيْرَ مَنِ اسْتَأْجَرْتَ الْقَوِيُّ الْأَمِينُ" (Surah Al-Qasas: 26), ae abba jaan! Inhein ujrat par rakh lijiye, behtareen shakhs jise aap ujrat par rakhein woh hai jo taaqatwar aur amanatdaar ho. Aur Hazrat Musa alaihis salam ne ek muqarrara muddat ke liye ujrat par kaam kiya (Surah Al-Qasas: 27). Isi tarah Allah Ta’ala ne farmaya: "فَإِنْ أَرْضَعْنَ لَكُمْ فَآتُوهُنَّ أُجُورَهُنَّ" (Surah At-Talaq: 6), agar woh tumhare liye doodh pilayein to unhein un ki ujrat do.

Yani kisi khidmat ya faide ke badle ujrat lena aur dena shariat mein na sirf jaiz, balke ek maroof aur pasandeeda muamla hai.


Ijarah Ki Bunyadi Shar’i Sharaait


State Bank of Pakistan ne ijarah ke baare mein AAOIFI ka shar’i miyaar Standard No. 9 apnaya hai. 12 January 2010 ke circular ke mutabiq State Bank ne pehle marhale mein jo AAOIFI miyaaraat apnaye, un mein Standard No. 9 (ijarah aur ijarah muntahia bittamleek) bhi shamil tha. Is miyaar aur fuqaha ki tasreehaat ke mutabiq ijarah ki bunyadi sharaait yeh hain: sbp




  1. Cheez istemal se khatam na ho: Ijarah sirf aisi cheez ka ho sakta hai jis ka faida uthane ke bawajood us ki zaat baqi rahe, jaise gaari, makaan ya machine. Paise, eendhan ya khane ka ijarah nahin ho sakta, kyunke woh istemal se khatam ho jate hain.
  2. Maalik ki milkiyat: Kiraye par di jane wali cheez mu’jir, yani bank, ki milkiyat mein ho.
  3. Faida aur kiraya maloom hon: Kiraye ki raqam, muddat aur istemal ki nau’iyat wazeh ho.
  4. Kiraya hawalgi ke baad: Kiraya usi waqt shuru ho sakta hai jab cheez musta’jir ke hawale kar di jaye. Jis cheez ka faida abhi mila hi nahin, us ka kiraya jaiz nahin.
  5. Milkiyat ke khatraat maalik par: Cheez ke halaak hone ya us mein bunyadi kharabi ka khatra maalik ka hai.
  6. Istemal ki zimmedariyan musta’jir par: Aam dekh bhaal aur istemal se mutalliq akhrajaat musta’jir ke zimme ho sakte hain.
  7. Musta’jir ameen hai: Agar musta’jir ki ghaflat ya ghalat istemal se nuqsan ho, to woh zimmedar hai; warna nahin.


Islamic Car Financing Ke Aath Marahil

Farz kijiye aap pachees lakh rupay ki ek gaari Islami bank ke zariye lena chahte hain. Yeh muamla in aath marhalon se guzarta hai:


Marhala 1: Darkhwast aur gaari ka intikhab:

Aap apni pasand ki gaari muntakhib kar ke bank ko darkhwast dete hain. Bank aap ki aamdani aur adaigi ki salahiyat jaanchta hai.


Marhala 2: Waada (Undertaking):

Aap bank se waada karte hain ke agar bank yeh gaari khareed le to aap isay ijarah par lenge. Yeh waada bank ko is khatre se bachata hai ke woh gaari khareed le aur aap inkaar kar dein.


Marhala 3: Security deposit:

Aap gaari ki qeemat ka ek hissa security deposit (zamanati raqam) ke taur par bank ko dete hain. Yeh gaari ki milkiyat mein hissa nahin, balke aap ki zimmedariyon ki zamanat hai, jo ijarah ke aakhir mein gaari ki qeemat mein adjust ho jati hai.


Marhala 4: Bank ki khareedari:

Bank apne paison se dealer ya company se gaari khareedta hai, aur us ka maalik banta hai. Isi liye aam taur par gaari bank ke naam register hoti hai.


Marhala 5: Hawalgi aur ijarah ka muahida:

Gaari aap ke hawale ki jati hai, aur ijarah ka muahida hota hai, jis mein muddat, mahana kiraya aur dono fareeqon ki zimmedariyan tay hoti hain. Kiraya isi hawalgi ke baad shuru hota hai.


Marhala 6: Mahana kiraya:

Aap tay shuda muddat tak mahana kiraya ada karte hain. Yeh qarz ki qist nahin, balke gaari ke istemal ka kiraya hai.


Marhala 7: Takaful aur dekh bhaal:




  • Takaful: Gaari ka maalik hone ki wajah se is ka takaful (Islami insurance) karwana bank ki zimmedari hai; amalan is ki laagat kiraye ke hisaab mein shamil hoti hai.
  • Bari kharabi: Gaari ki bunyadi saakht se mutalliq bari kharabi ki zimmedari maalik, yani bank, ki hai.
  • Aam dekh bhaal: Tail, tyre, service aur rozmarra marammat aap ke zimme ho sakti hai, kyunke yeh istemal se mutalliq hain.


Marhala 8: Milkiyat ki muntaqili:

Ijarah ki muddat mukammal hone par bank apne alag waade ke mutabiq gaari ek alag muahide ke zariye, mamooli qeemat par bech kar ya hiba kar ke, aap ki milkiyat mein de deta hai; aam taur par aap ka security deposit isi qeemat mein adjust ho jata hai. Isay Ijarah

Muntahia Bittamleek kehte hain, yani woh ijarah jo milkiyat ki muntaqili par khatam ho.

Ek wazahat: Baaz Islami bank car financing ke liye ijarah ke bajaye musharakah mutanaqisa ka tareeqa bhi istemal karte hain, jis ki tafseel isi silsile ke home financing wale blog mein hai. Is liye muahide par dastakhat se pehle yeh zaroor poochiye ke aap ki financing kis tareeqe par hai.


Milkiyat aur Nuqsan: Asal Farq Yahan Hai

Islamic car financing aur soodi auto loan ka sab se bunyadi farq yeh hai ke nuqsan ki soorat mein zimmedari kis ki hai:


Soorat 1: Gaari mukammal tabah ya chori ho jaye, aur aap ki ghaflat na ho:




  • Islami ijarah: Nuqsan maalik, yani bank, ka hai. Ijarah khatam ho jata hai, aur aap par aainda ka kiraya lazim nahin rehta. Bank apne nuqsan ki talafi takaful se hasil karta hai.
  • Soodi auto loan: Gaari aap ki milkiyat hai; bank sirf qarz khwah hai. Gaari tabah ho jaye, tab bhi qarz aur sood ada karna aap ki zimmedari hai, illa yeh ke insurance isay poora kare.


Soorat 2: Aap ki ghaflat se nuqsan ho:

Agar aap laparwahi, ghalat istemal ya muahide ki khilaf warzi se gaari ko nuqsan pohanchayein, to aap zimmedar hain, kyunke aap gaari ke ameen hain.


Fiqhi usool: Rasool-e-Akram صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَى آلِهِ وَسَلَّمَ ne farmaya: "الْخَرَاجُ بِالضَّمَانِ", nafa usi ka hai jo nuqsan ki zimmedari uthaye (Sunan Abi Dawood, Hadees: 3508). Bank kiraya isi liye le sakta hai ke woh gaari ka maalik hai aur us ke nuqsan ka zimmedar bhi. Jis din bank yeh zimmedari customer par muntaqil kar de, us din us ka kiraya lene ka jawaz bhi kamzor ho jata hai.


Kiraya Kaise Tay Hota Hai? Muqarrara aur Mutaghayyar Kiraya


Islamic car financing mein kiraya do tarah ka ho sakta hai:


1. Muqarrara kiraya (Fixed Rental): Poori muddat ke liye ek hi kiraya.

2. Mutaghayyar kiraya (Variable Rental): Kiraya ek muqarrara muddat, maslan har saal, ke baad KIBOR jaise benchmark ke mutabiq badalta hai. KIBOR (Karachi Interbank Offered Rate) Karachi ke bankon ke darmiyan qarz ki peshkash ki sharah hai, jise maaliyati idare qeematon ke ta’ayyun ke liye hawale ke taur par istemal karte hain.

Kya mutaghayyar kiraya jaiz hai?

Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani ke mutabiq ijarah mein kiraye ko kisi miyaar se jorna jaiz hai, basharte ke:



  • Kiraya badalne ka tareeqa pehle se muahide mein tay ho.
  • Har muddat ka kiraya us muddat ke shuru mein tay ho jaye, baad mein nahin.


Yeh isi tarah hai jaise makaan ka maalik muahide mein likh de ke har saal kiraya ek muqarrara tareeqe se badlega. Kiraye ke ta’ayyun ke liye kisi paimane ka istemal muamle ki nau’iyat nahin badalta; muamla kiraya dari hi rehta hai, kyunke bank ek haqeeqi gaari ka maalik hai aur us ka khatra utha raha hai. KIBOR ke aitraz ka tafseeli jaiza isi silsile ke hissa chaharam mein aayega.


Takheer aur Qabl Az Waqt Adaigi


Takheer ki soorat mein:

Bank takheer par apne liye koi izafi raqam nahin le sakta. Waqt par adaigi ko yaqeeni banane ke liye aap yeh waada karte hain ke takheer ki soorat mein ek raqam sadqa karenge; yeh raqam bank ke charity fund mein jati hai, bank ki aamdani nahin banti, aur Shariah board ki nigrani mein falahi kaamon par kharch hoti hai.


Qabl az waqt milkiyat (Early Termination):

Agar aap muddat se pehle gaari khareedna chahein, to bank ke saath baahami razamandi se ijarah khatam kar ke, gaari ek alag muahide ke zariye khareedi ja sakti hai. Is ki qeemat ka tareeqa aam taur par bank ke waade mein darj hota hai. Yeh qeemat kisi “jurmane” ke taur par nahin, balke gaari ki khareed ki qeemat ke taur par tay hoti hai.


Kya ijarah ke dauran gaari bech sakte hain?

Nahin, kyunke gaari abhi bank ki milkiyat hai. Bechne ke liye pehle oopar wale tareeqe se gaari khareedni hogi.


Islami Ijarah aur Soodi Auto Loan: Tafseeli Muwazana



State Bank Ke Zawabit


Pakistan mein gaari ki financing, chahe Islami ho ya riwayati, State Bank ke “Consumer Financing ke Prudential Regulations” ke tabe hai. September 2021 ke circular ke mutabiq auto financing ki ziyada se ziyada muddat saat saal se kam kar ke paanch saal ki gayi, kam az kam down payment pandrah se barha kar tees feesad ki gayi, aur yeh tay kiya gaya ke ek shakhs ki tamaam bankon se mujmooi auto financing kisi bhi waqt tees lakh rupay se zyada nahin hogi. Is ke baad ek aur tarmeem mein ek hazaar cc se zyada engine wali gaariyon ke liye auto financing ki ziyada se ziyada muddat paanch saal se kam kar ke teen saal kar di gayi.


(State Bank ka circular: https://www.sbp.org.pk/bprd/2021/CL29.htm) sbpbrecorder

Yeh zawabit waqtan fawaqtan badalte rehte hain, is liye financing lete waqt apne bank se mojooda hudood zaroor maloom kijiye.


Aam Aitrazaat aur Un Ke Jawabat


Aitraz 1: “Mahana qist to soodi bank jitni hi hai, to farq kya hua?”


Jawab: Qeemat ka barabar hona muamle ki haqeeqat ko ek nahin bana deta. Shar’i tareeqe se zibah kiya gaya jaanwar aur murdar, dono ka gosht dekhne mein ek jaisa hai, magar ek halal hai aur doosra haram. Ijarah mein bank gaari ka maalik hai aur us ka khatra uthata hai; soodi qarz mein bank sirf paise ka qarz khwah hai. Oopar ka muwazana is farq ko amli taur par dikhata hai.


Aitraz 2: “Bank takaful ki laagat kiraye mein shamil kar ke khatra to customer hi par daal deta hai.”


Jawab: Kisi cheez ki laagat ko qeemat mein shamil karna har tijarat ka usool hai; dukaandar bhi dukaan ka kiraya aur bijli ka bill apni ashya ki qeemat mein shamil karta hai. Asal sawal yeh hai ke agar takaful claim poora na kare, to nuqsan kis ka hoga? Shar’i ijarah mein yeh nuqsan maalik ka hi hai.


Aitraz 3: “Gaari mere paas hai, to bank ka naam registration mein kyun?”


Jawab: Kyunke ijarah ke dauran gaari ka qanooni aur shar’i maalik bank hai; yahi milkiyat us ke kiraya lene ka jawaz hai. Registration isi haqeeqat ka qanooni saboot hai.


Customer Ki Checklist


Islamic car financing lene se pehle yeh sawalat zaroor poochiye:




  1. Meri financing ijarah par hai ya musharakah mutanaqisa par?
  2. Kya gaari ki hawalgi se pehle koi kiraya to nahin liya ja raha?
  3. Agar gaari meri ghaflat ke baghair tabah ho jaye, to muahide mein nuqsan kis ka likha hai?
  4. Kya takaful bank ki zimmedari hai?
  5. Agar kiraya mutaghayyar hai, to kya is ka tareeqa pehle se tay hai?
  6. Takheer ki soorat mein izafi raqam charity mein jati hai ya bank ki aamdani mein?
  7. Muddat khatam hone par milkiyat kis qeemat aur kis tareeqe se muntaqil hogi?


Mustanad Maakhaz





Aakhri Baat


Islamic car financing aur soodi auto loan mein mahana adaigi ek jaisi lag sakti hai, magar parde ke peeche dono ka muamla bilkul mukhtalif hai: ek mein aap paise ke maqrooz hain, doosre mein ek gaari ke kirayedar; ek mein saara khatra aap par hai, doosre mein maalik, yani bank, bhi khatre mein shareek hai. Yahi woh farq hai jo ek muamle ko sood aur doosre ko halal kiraya dari banata hai. Apna muahida parh kar, samajh kar dastakhat kijiye; yahi ek ba-shaoor Musalman customer ki pehchaan hai.